SS 31

What is SS-31

SS-31 peptide (also known as Elamipretide) is a mitochondrial-targeted oligopeptide composed of four amino acids, with the sequence D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂ (where Dmt denotes 2,6-dimethyltyrosine). Its core function is to protect mitochondrial membrane structure by targeting cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, thereby reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This optimizes energy metabolism and delays aging or disease progression. ‌

SS 31 Mechanism of Action

‌Cardiolipin Targeting‌: Binds to cardiolipin, a mitochondrial inner membrane-specific lipid, preventing its oxidative degradation and maintaining mitochondrial membrane integrity. ‌

‌Optimized Energy Metabolism‌: Enhances electron transport chain efficiency, reduces electron leakage, and boosts ATP synthesis capacity. ‌

‌ROS Generation Reduction‌: Stabilizes mitochondrial function, curbing excessive ROS production at its source rather than relying on external scavenging. ‌

‌Anti-inflammatory and Anti-apoptotic: Inhibits mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathways, alleviating chronic inflammatory responses.

Benefits of SS 31

‌Cardiovascular Protection: Demonstrates potential therapeutic value in models of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and chronic heart failure. ‌

‌Anti-Aging: Delays disease progression in conditions like muscle atrophy and ocular neurodegeneration by improving mitochondrial function.

SS 31 Dosage

Begin with 100 mcg daily, then gradually increase. Monitor your body’s response to find your optimal dosage. Some individuals feel energized at 500 mcg, while others thrive at 1 mg, 1.5 mg, or 2 mg. Some sources suggest 4 mg daily may extend lifespan/maintain health, with higher doses used for treating organ damage.

SS 31 Side Effects

Injection site reactions: Most commonly reported as mild redness, irritation, or discomfort.

Transient fatigue or headaches: Some studies indicate mild temporary reactions may occur as the body adapts.

Gastrointestinal issues: Occasional reports of nausea or stomach discomfort.