Semaglutide

What is Semaglutide

Semaglutide is a synthetic GLP-1 receptor agonist primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes. It is also approved in some countries for weight management in obese or overweight individuals. It works by regulating insulin secretion, delaying gastric emptying, and suppressing appetite. It must be administered via subcutaneous injection, with dosage strictly controlled under medical supervision.

Mechanism of Action and Functions of Semaglutide

1. Regulates Blood Sugar: Semaglutide mimics the body’s natural hormone GLP-1, activating receptors in the pancreas to promote insulin secretion (lowering blood sugar) and inhibit glucagon secretion (reducing liver glucose release).
2. Slows Gastric Emptying: Reduces the rate at which food moves from the stomach into the intestines, increasing feelings of fullness and decreasing food intake.
3. Appetite Suppression: Acts on the brain’s central nervous system to reduce hunger sensations, thereby aiding weight management.

Indications for Semaglutide

• Type 2 Diabetes: As an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control.
• Weight Management: For obese individuals with BMI ≥30, or those with BMI ≥27 and obesity-related conditions like hypertension or dyslipidemia.
• Cardiovascular Protection: Some studies suggest it may reduce cardiovascular event risk in diabetic patients, though further validation is needed.

Semaglutide Administration and Precautions

1. Injection Method: Typically administered as a weekly subcutaneous injection in the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm.
2. Dose Adjustment: Start with a low initial dose (e.g., 0.25 mg/week), gradually increasing to a maintenance dose (1.0–2.4 mg/week) to minimize gastrointestinal side effects.
3. Contraindications: Includes history of medullary thyroid carcinoma, patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, and pregnant or breastfeeding women.
4. Adverse Effect Management:
• Common reactions: Nausea, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, typically improving with prolonged use.
• Rare risks: Pancreatitis, gallstones, hypoglycemia (when combined with other antidiabetic agents), requiring prompt medical attention.