VIP

What is VIP

(vasoactive intestinal peptide, VIP) consists of 28 amino acids, primarily released by intestinal neurons while also abundantly present in the central nervous system, making it a crucial brain-gut peptide. Numerous VIP-containing nerve fibers are also found in the pancreas. Both fatty meals and vagus nerve stimulation can trigger VIP release. Additionally, intestinal ischemia can stimulate its release. It possesses extensive biological activities, such as dilating cardiac, cerebral, and hepatic blood vessels; regulating cerebral blood flow; lowering pulmonary artery pressure; reducing blood pressure; relaxing bronchial smooth muscle; modulating central body temperature and sleep; and stimulating prolactin release. Its primary role in the digestive system is to relax intestinal smooth muscle, causing relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, sphincter of Oddi, intestinal smooth muscle, and internal anal sphincter.

Benefits of VIP

Within the digestive system, VIP promotes relaxation of gastrointestinal smooth muscle and sphincters, thereby regulating gastrointestinal motility and emptying. simultaneously stimulating secretion from gastrointestinal glands—such as promoting pancreatic juice and bile secretion—to aid digestion and nutrient absorption.

Within the nervous system, VIP functions as a neurotransmitter or modulator, participating in neuronal growth, differentiation, and the formation/maintenance of synaptic connections, playing a crucial role in neural development and normal function.

In the cardiovascular system, VIP dilates blood vessels, reducing peripheral vascular resistance and increasing tissue blood flow, thereby helping regulate vascular tone and maintain circulatory homeostasis.

Additionally, VIP participates in immune regulation by influencing the proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine secretion of immune cells, playing a role in the body’s immune defense. It may also exert regulatory effects on thermoregulation and reproductive function.

VIP Dosage

Typical therapeutic doses range from 50 to 200 micrograms per administration, taken 1 to 2 times daily. Specific dosing depends on individual requirements and tolerance.

VIP Side Effects

Common side effects include headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and facial flushing. Seek prompt medical attention if you experience any severe or persistent side effects.